Overview of the New Biology Course (2025)
The new Leaving Certificate Biology specification, starting in September 2025, presents a modern, evidence-based and skills-focused approach to learning biology.
🔎 Structure of the Course
The course is divided into four main strands:
1. Unifying Strand: The Nature of Science
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Develops scientific literacy and inquiry skills
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Encourages investigation, biological reasoning, and reflection on science in society​
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2. Strand 1: The Organisation of Life
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Covers the characteristics, chemistry, cellular structure, genetics and origin of life
3. Strand 2: The Structures and Processes of Life
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Focuses on cellular and physiological processes (e.g. enzymes, photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction, protein synthesis, transport systems)
4. Strand 3: The Interactions of Life
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Examines ecology, microorganisms, genetic engineering, and how living things interact with their environment and technology
Cross-Cutting Themes
These themes appear across all strands:
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Health
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Sustainability
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Technology
Students apply biology to real-world challenges such as disease, climate change, food production, and genetic research.
🧪Additional Assessment Component (AAC)
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A new practical investigation (up to 20 hours) will form part of final assessment
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The theme is released in January 5th Year, and must be completed and submitted in January 6th Year
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Assessed alongside the written exam at both Higher and Ordinary Level​
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📊 Assessment
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Written Exam 60%: Q1 is mandatory, choose any other 5 Q's from Q2 - Q7. Includes interpretation of experimental data, problem-solving and short and long-form questions
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AAC 40%: Worth a significant portion of the final grade, submitted in 6th Year
🎯 Key Skills Focus
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Scientific investigation & experimental design
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Use of models and diagrams
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Use of primary and secondary data
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Critical thinking and evaluation
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Application of biology to social, ethical and environmental issues
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