Overview of the Biology Course 

 

The new Leaving Certificate Biology specification, starting in September 2025, presents a modern, evidence-based and skills-focused approach to learning biology.

 

🔎 Structure of the Course

The course is divided into four main strands:

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1. Unifying Strand: The Nature of Science

• Develops scientific literacy and inquiry skills

• Encourages investigation, biological reasoning, and reflection on science in society​

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2. Strand 1: The Organisation of Life

• Covers the characteristics, chemistry, cellular structure, genetics and origin of life

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3. Strand 2: The Structures and Processes of Life

• Focuses on cellular and physiological processes (e.g. enzymes, photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction, protein synthesis, transport systems)

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4. Strand 3: The Interactions of Life

• Examines ecology, microorganisms, genetic engineering, and how living things interact with their environment and technology

 

Cross-Cutting Themes

These themes appear across all strands:

Health

Sustainability

Technology

 

Students apply biology to real-world challenges such as disease, climate change, food production, and genetic research.

 

🧪Additional Assessment Component (AAC)

A new practical investigation (up to 20 hours) will form part of final assessment

The theme is released in January 5th Year, and must be completed and submitted in January 6th Year

Assessed alongside the written exam at both Higher and Ordinary Level​

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📊 Assessment

Written Exam 60%: Q1 is mandatory, choose any other 5 Q's from Q2 - Q7. Includes interpretation of experimental data, problem-solving and short and long-form questions

AAC 40%: Worth a significant portion of the final grade, submitted in 6th Year

 

 

🎯 Key Skills Focus

Scientific investigation & experimental design

Use of models and diagrams

Use of primary and secondary data

Critical thinking and evaluation

Application of biology to social, ethical and environmental issues​